96: Serum Levels of Soluble FAS and Soluble FAS Ligand in Pregnant Women Who Smoke
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cigarette smoking during pregnancy is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Paradoxically, women who smoke during pregnancy have a reduced risk of preeclampsia (PE). Placentas of women with PE show higher levels of trophoblast apoptosis. Both Fas and Fas ligand belong to the tumor necrosis factor family of proteins and the Fas-Fas ligand system, also known as the death factor system, is one of the main pathways for apoptosis. Higher levels of soluble Fas (sFas) have been reported in PE. To determine levels of sFas and soluble Fas Ligand (sFasL) in pregnant women who smoke. Using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we prospectively analyzed serum levels of sFas and sFasL in normotensive mothers who smoke and normotensive non-smoking mothers. Exclusion criteria include chronic hypertension, autoimmune disorders, rupture of membranes, evidence of labour and history of drug use. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-way non-paired Student t test or the Mann-Whitney U test as appropriate.Using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we prospectively analyzed serum levels of sFas and sFasL in normotensive mothers who smoke and normotensive non-smoking mothers. Exclusion criteria include chronic hypertension, autoimmune disorders, rupture of membranes, evidence of labour and history of drug use. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-way non-paired Student t test or the Mann-Whitney U test as appropriate. The median maternal age in smoking mothers was lower as compared to normotensive nonsmoking mothers. The median gestational age was 31 weeks in both the groups. Levels of sFasL were significantly higher in smoking group compared to normotensive non-smoking group (37 pg/mL* vs. 12.14 pg/mL; P<0.0001). sFas did not differ between the two groups. We found higher levels of sFasL in normtensive smoking mothers. We speculate that higher sFasL may explain the reduced incidence of PE in pregnant mothers who smoke by binding to the elevated sFas levels in pregnant mothers who may otherwise go on to develop PE.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".