The Charter and Administrative Law Part II: Substantive Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter discusses the Supreme Court of Canada's various approaches to Charter rights touched by administrative decision-making, including the approach announced in Dore v. Barreau du Quebec, 2012 SCC 12. The chapter considers the Court's divided judgment in Loyola High School v Quebec (Attorney General), 2015 SCC 12, as well as the Ontario Court of Appeal's more recent decision in Gehl v Canada (Attorney General), 2017 ONCA 319, and the British Columbia Court of Appeal’s decision in Trinity Western University v The Law Society of British Columbia, 2016 BCCA 423. The authors discuss as well agency jurisdiction to apply the Charter to ordinary legislation, and conclude the chapter with a discussion of Charter remedies and R. v. Conway, 2010 SCC 22.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.012 | 0.028 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.008 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.015 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.015 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".