Pollen Toxicity from Seed-Treated Cotton on Bees and Pollen Collection Capacity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Apis mellifera bees that forage in agricultural fields may be exposed to pesticides through many routes. One of them is the collection of pollen contaminated with insecticides. In this study, we evaluate the mortality of adult honeybees exposed to pollen from cotton plants whose seeds were treated with insecticides thiamethoxam, clothianidin, imidacloprid and fipronil, and the pollen collection capacity of adult honeybees in cotton fields. Bee mortality based on linear regression analysis showed significant differences, but no differences were noted among treatments. According to the contrast analysis of the mean groups of insecticides against the mean of the control group, no significant differences were found, indicating a natural mortality for all treatments including the control. Quantitative analysis of the pollen revealed the presence of only cotton pollen grains on bees, indicating floral fidelity of Africanized honeybees. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was positive, but statistically insignificant, for increase in pollen collection with time.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".