Effect of bed roughness on velocity profile and water entrainment in a sedimentary density current
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, the effect of bed roughness on velocity profile and water entrainment in a sedimentary density current for Richardson numbers of 1.2–7 (subcritical flow conditions) was investigated. Experiments were carried out in a tilting flume with four different bed slopes, four roughness heights, and two fluid densities of sedimentary density currents. The results showed that bed roughness significantly affects the general shapes of velocity profiles, especially in the wall region. Two empirical equations were developed as the functions of the relative roughness for the wall and jet regions of velocity profile using the measured velocities of density currents. Water entrainment was also affected by bed roughness and an empirical equation was developed describing the relationship of this phenomenon with the Richardson number and relative roughness. Sensitivity analysis of this equation by using elasticity coefficient method showed that the effectiveness of the Richardson number is 3.9 times more than the effect of relative roughness on water entrainment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".