Paper #95 John Joyce award finalist
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study was initiated to assess the long-term significance of MRI detected bone bruises associated with ACL injury. Previously, a group of 23 ACL-injured patients underwent MRI scans immediately post injury and again 6 years later. All underwent early ACL reconstruction, and had normal initial radiographs and articular cartilage on arthroscopic inspection. 6 year MRI scans demonstrated cartilage thinning in the areas of these bone bruises in 2/3, but no corresponding clinical differences. The current study was designed to assess the long-term effects of these bone bruises. Twenty of the original 23 patients were contacted and consented to undergo repeat MRI scan, radiograph and clinical assessment. Average length of follow-up was 12 years and average age 43 years. All patients underwent IKDC assessment, Mohtadi Quality of Life score, KT-1000, plain radiography and MRI. Protocol reproduced the methods of the earlier investigation to allow direct comparison. MRI included exact sequences done at 6 years with an additional sequence. This allowed accurate assessment of articular cartilage and subchondral bone, and comparison with previous scans. 4 patients had undergone revision reconstruction and 6 undergone further arthroscopic surgery. The remaining 10 had no further intervention. When compared to previous scans the main finding was a general progression of arthrosis. This largely involved the medial compartment with associated meniscal pathology, rather than being specifically associated with areas of previous bone bruising in the lateral compartment. In these areas no significant progression of cartilage thinning was seen, but persistent or new areas of fibrosis and cystic change were observed in the subchondral bone. The significance of these findings remains uncertain at this stage. MRI detected bone bruising indicates significant injury to articular cartilage and subchondral bone in ACL injured knees. The findings of this study add to the understanding of the natural history of the bone bruise.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.355 | 0.178 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".