Canada Update-Highlights of Major Legal News and Significant Court Cases from August 2009 through December 2009
Bibliographic record
Abstract
O N September 18, 2009, significant changes to Canadian bank- ruptcy and insolvency laws came into force.The amendments, which were passed in October 2007 as a part of House of Commons Bill C-12, were designed with three goals in mind: (1) the modernization of the Canadian insolvency system, (2) to increase fairness in the process and prevent past abuses of the system, and (3) to provide greater incentive for companies to choose restructuring as an alternative to bankruptcy.' Bill C-12 amended the Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act (CCAA), the federal law that provides a mechanism by which companies can restructure their financial affairs (similar to Chapter 11 in the United States), as well as the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (BIA), the statute that governs all bankruptcies-corporate and personal-in Canada. 2 In addition, C-12 also amended the Wage Earner Protection Program (WEPP), a labor regime passed in 2005 designed to protect workers' wages and benefits in the event of their employer declaring bankruptcy.3 These provisions, however, came into force in July 2008 and are, thus, beyond the scope of this update.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.021 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".