Biography of a polar city: population flows and urban identity in Norilsk
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper aims to contribute to the discussion on Arctic migration and urban sustainability by exploring the case of Norilsk, the first sizeable circumpolar city in the world entirely built on permafrost. Norilsk represents an archetypal model of mobility flows managed by a ‘big business’ firm. Indeed, between the 1960s and 1980s, the city's metallurgical complex promoted massive in-migration, followed by massive out-migration in the post-Soviet decades, with several projects of ‘managed decline’. The rich research done on mobility patterns in Russia's North still lacks detailed case studies of demographic evolutions at the urban level, a gap in knowledge that this paper hopes to address by looking at the evolution of Norilsk's population over the longue durée, from the Soviet era to contemporary in-migration flows. This paper also aims to enrich the literature on Arctic identities by investigating the paradoxes of Norilsk urban identity as it is lived by several generations of inhabitants.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".