Acute glutamine ingestion modulates lymphocytic responses to exhaustive exercise in the heat
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine if acute intake of glutamine modulates homeostatic, hematologic, immune, and inflammatory responses to exhaustive exercise in the heat. Thirteen healthy, untrained young men participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. They served as their own control and completed 2 trials of treadmill exercise at 40% maximal oxygen uptake to exhaustion in a hot environment (temperature, 38.0 ± 1.0 °C; relative humidity, 60.0% ± 5.0%; oxygen, 20.8%) following placebo (PLA) and glutamine (GLN) consumption. Heart rate, gastrointestinal temperature, forehead temperature, the rating of perceived exertion, and body weight were measured. Blood samples were collected before and after exercise. After exhaustive exercise in the heat (PLA vs. GLN: 42.0 ± 9.5 vs. 39.6 ± 7.8 min, p > 0.05), significant changes in homeostatic, hematologic, and immune parameters (elevated natural killer (NK) cells and neutrophils, and reduced CD4+/CD8+ ratio and CD19+ lymphocytes) were found in the control group owing to the time effect (p < 0.05). Moreover, a condition × time interaction effect was observed for the absolute count of CD3+ (F = 4.26, p < 0.05) and CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes (F = 4.27, p < 0.05), which were elevated following acute glutamine intervention. While a potential interaction effect was also observed for the absolute count of CD3+CD4+ T lymphocytes (F = 3.21, p = 0.08), no condition or interaction effects were found for any other outcome measures. The results of this study suggest that acute glutamine ingestion evokes CD3+ and CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytosis but does not modulate neutrophil and NK cell leukocytosis and immune disturbances after exhaustive exercise in the heat.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".