Correlating the permeability of mortar under compression with connected porosity and tortuosity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper describes the influence of pore structure parameters – connected porosity and tortuosity – on the water permeability coefficient of cement mortar. Plain and fibre-reinforced mortar specimens were prepared to evaluate the permeability and characterise the microstructure. Polypropylene microfibres were incorporated at 0·25% volume fraction in the fibre-reinforced mortar specimens. The permeability of the mortar specimens was determined using an in situ method where hollow cylinders were subjected to uniaxial compressive stress. The specimens were loaded in the range of 0–90% of the ultimate compressive strength in five different stages. X-ray computed micro-tomography was employed to characterise the pore system of the mortar specimens. By analysing the tomographic images, both connected porosity and tortuosity of the pore network were evaluated. The results showed that the coefficient of water permeability has a correlation with connected porosity across the load levels. While no significant correlation was found with tortuosity alone, the water permeability was found to depend on the ratio between connected porosity and tortuosity as expressed by the Kozeny–Carman formulation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".