Security Optimization of Exposure Region-Based Beamforming With a Uniform Circular Array
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper investigates the impact of a uniform circular array (UCA) in the context of wireless security via exposure region-based beamforming. An improvement is demonstrated for the security metric proposed in our previous paper, namely, the spatial secrecy outage probability (SSOP), by optimizing the configuration of the UCA. Our previous paper focused on formalizing the SSOP concept and exploring its applicability using a uniform linear array example. This paper proposes the UCA as a superior candidate because it is more robust against the effects of mutual coupling. The UCA's SSOP configuration is explored and a special expression is derived from the general expression for the first time, and a closed-form upper bound is then generated to facilitate analysis. By carefully designing the UCA structure particularly the radius, an SSOP optimization algorithm is derived and explored for mutual coupling. It is shown that the information leakage to eavesdroppers is reduced while the legitimate user's received signal quality is enhanced due to the use of beamforming.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".