Factors Affecting Disclosure Levels of Environmental Accounting Information: The Case of Vietnam
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This research is conducted for assessing factors affecting disclosure levels of environmental accounting information of construction firms in Vietnam. Data were collected from 74 construction firms listed on Vietnam Stock Exchange for the period from 2013 to 2016. Based on quantitative research method, the disclosure levels of accounting information and factors affecting this level were scrutinized. The results indicate that the disclosure levels of environmental accounting information of construction firms tends to increase, especially in 2016. In addition, the results also point out that the level of disclosure is influenced by factors of firm size, profitability, financial leverage, number of years listed and independent audit. Through findings, some recommendations are given for improving the disclosure levels of environmental accounting information to satisfy the demand for information of the stakeholders in the context of integration.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it