Localization and Interaction between Kinin B1 Receptor and NADPH Oxidase in the Vascular System of Diabetic Rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Kinin B1 receptor (B1R) enhanced superoxide anion (O2●―) production in the vasculature of diabetic rats. This study investigates the induction and distribution of B1R in diabetic blood vessels and addresses the hypothesis that B1R is co-localised with NADPH oxidase (NOX1 and NOX2) and produces its activation via protein kinase C (PKC). Diabetes was induced in rats with streptozotocin (STZ 65 mg.kg‒1, i.p.). Two weeks later, the production of O2●― was measured in aorta rings in response to the B1R agonist (Sar[D-Phe8]-des-Arg9-BK, 20 μM) by the method of lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. Various inhibitors were added (10 μM) to block PKCtotal (Ro-31-8220), PKCβ1/2 (LY333531) or NADPH oxidase (Diphenyleneiodonium).The cellular localization of B1R was studied in the aorta, popliteal artery and renal glomerulus/arteries by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy with markers of endothelial cells (anti-RECA-1), macrophages (anti-CD11), vascular smooth muscle cells (anti-SMA) and NADPH oxidase (anti-NOX1 and NOX2). Although B1R was largely distributed in resistant vessels, it was sparsely expressed in the aorta’s endothelium. The greater basal production of O2●―in STZ-diabetic aorta was significantly enhanced by the B1R agonist (15-45 min). The peak response to the agonist (30 min) was inhibited by all inhibitors. Immunofluorescent staining for B1R, NOX1 and NOX2 was significantly increased in endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophages of STZ-diabetic aorta on which they were found colocalised. Data showed that B1R enhanced O2●― by activating vascular NADPH oxidase through PKCβ1/2. This was substantiated by the cellular co-localisation of B1R with NOX1 and NOX2 and opens the possibility that B1R-enhanced oxidative stress derived from vascular and infiltrating immune cells in diabetes.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".