Bibliographic record
Abstract
Maxwell's demon makes observations and thereby collects information. As Brillouin points out such information is the negative of entropy (negentropy) and is the equivalent of a cost in energy. The energy cost of information can be quantified in the relationship E = kT ln 2, where k is the Boltzmann constant, T is the absolute temperature, and the factor ln 2 arises from the existence of two possibilities for a "yes/no" circumstance, as, for example, in the passage of a proton through a barrier controlled by a Maxwell's demon. This paper considers further conclusions that follow from the quantification of the energy cost of information. First, consideration of the minimum uncertainty in the measurement of energy cost of information leads to an expression for the uncertainty in the corresponding time of the measurement, which depends inversely upon temperature at which the measurements occur. Second, because of the universal connection between energy and mass, an almost imperceptible mass accompanies the accumulation of information. And third, to account for the total free energy change that describes the action of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase, an additional term is suggested to be appended to the Mitchell chemiosmotic equation, which describes this process. The additional term accounts for the energy cost of sorting away from background ions those protons allowed to enter the ATP synthase.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".