Hierarchical Porous Double-Shelled Electrocatalyst with Tailored Lattice Alkalinity toward Bifunctional Oxygen Reactions for Metal–Air Batteries
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Increasing both catalytic site accessibility and intrinsic activity of multishelled materials is critical to boost its efficiency for bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis and initiate its application in metal–air batteries. Herein, a hierarchical porous double-shelled (Mg,Co) 3 O 4 electrocatalyst with controllable Mg substitution is synthesized via a proposed in situ coordinating process. The hierarchical porosity optimizes the availability of active sites and broadens diffusion channels for oxygen species. Meanwhile, Mg substitution greatly increases electrical conductivity and realizes novel insight of tailoring lattice alkalinity. Specifically, Mg substitution positively influences oxygen electrocatalysis by inducing lattice buffer zones that promote hydroxyl detachment from nearby catalytic sites. As a result, the final hybrid of (Mg,Co) 3 O 4 encapsulated in N-doped graphitized carbon affords superior bifunctional oxygen electrocatalytic activities, outperforming state-of-the-art noble-metal benchmarks. When serving as an air electrode in Zn–air batteries, a low charge–discharge gap and long-term cyclability for over 200 h are realized in ambient air.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it