A Systematic Review of the Effect of Lifestyle Interventions on Adipose Tissue Gene Expression: Implications for Carcinogenesis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The mechanisms driving the associations between body weight and physical activity levels and multiple types of cancer are not yet well understood. The purpose of this review was to examine the effects of lifestyle interventions on proposed biomarkers of lifestyle and cancer risk at the level of adipose tissue in humans. METHODS: Embase, MEDLINE, and CINAHL were searched by using keywords relating to exercise or diet interventions, adipose tissue biology, and outcomes of interest. Eligible studies included randomized clinical trials of exercise and/or dietary interventions in humans compared with control or other interventions, reporting the collection of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue. RESULTS: Nineteen studies met criteria for inclusion. Eight studies modified dietary intake, five altered exercise levels, and six studies used a combination of both. Change in subcutaneous adipose tissue gene expression was most commonly observed with dietary weight loss, with a pattern of decrease in leptin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 6, along with an increase in adiponectin. There was limited change with exercise-only interventions or study arms. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions leading to weight loss result in an altered gene expression of adipokines and inflammatory markers in subcutaneous adipose tissue, while less change in gene expression was noted with exercise alone.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".