[IC‐P‐170]: STRATEGIES TO INCREASE BRAIN ENERGY SUPPLY IN MILD ALZHEIMER's DISEASE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by brain glucose hypometabolism. Fat-derived brain fuels such ketones (acetoacetate) have been proposed as an alternative fuel to compensate for the brain energy deficit widely observed in AD. We have developed brain ketone PET neuroimaging to assess brain energy supply in AD. We report here two strategies that could be effective ways to improve brain energy supply, both of which stimulate brain ketone metabolism. Participants with mild AD (72 ± 8 y) were offered the opportunity to participate in a study that provided either a ketogenic supplement (providing 30 g/day of medium chain triglycerides) for one month (n=6; in progress), or a supervised physical exercise program involving walking on a treadmill (15–40 minutes per session, 3 days/week) for 3 months (n=10). Quantitative measurement of brain uptake of glucose (CMRglu) and acetoacetate (CMRacac) using PET and MR imaging were done before and at the end of the two interventions. Compared to baseline, plasma acetoacetate increased by 158% in the ketogenic supplement group and by 146% in the Walking group (both p < 0.05). Post-intervention, global and regional CMRacac increased by 2–3 fold in both groups (all p < 0.05), whereas global and regional CMRglu remained unchanged (all p ≥ 0.10). Of note, the blood-to-brain acetoacetate influx rate constant increased by 66% (p = 0.03) only in the Walking group. These results demonstrate that individual lifestyle interventions such as a ketogenic supplement or a supervised walking program improve brain ketone metabolism while maintaining brain glucose metabolism in mild AD. These results demonstrate the utility of brain ketone and glucose PET to assess interventions that may improve brain energy supply. These two strategies suggest a potential complementarity of combining both a ketogenic and physical activity intervention to optimize brain energy since the ketogenic supplement increased brain ketone availability while the physical exercise both plasma ketones and the brain's capacity to take up ketones. Acknowledgements: Financial support from Sojecci 2, FRQS, and a Université de Sherbrooke research chair (SCC).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".