Receding horizon optimal operation and control of a solar‐thermal district heating system
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work focuses on the receding horizon optimal control for a solar‐thermal district heating (STDH) system containing lumped parameter and distributed parameter subsystems. A common STDH system includes solar collector system, a short‐term energy storage tank and a district heating loop system with a secondary gas boiler system. The inclusion or exclusion of these components leads to different operational and working modes. Detailed system description and mathematical models are provided, and three working modes are introduced and in each mode several operations are demonstrated and addressed. Single‐objective and multiobjective problems are formulated. Moreover, in the mode where gas boiler system is included to help addressing the district heating demand, the internal model based boundary servo‐control approach is proposed and applied to obtain desired boiler water temperatures such that the expected district heating demand can be satisfied. Moreover, a boundary state observer is designed for the considered solar collector system. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 64: 1217–1233, 2018
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".