Association of Vitamin D With Prostate Carcinoma: A Single Institutional Observational Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Recent studies highlight a role for vitamin D (VD) in the growth and differentiation of various cell types. The biologically active form of vitamin D3 is 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Most cells of the body including prostate cells have vitamin D receptor (VDR) and VD metabolizing enzymes, and can respond to 1,25-VD. Literature supports multipronged effects of 1,25-VD in the prevention of prostate carcinoma development and progression. However, the relationship between prostate carcinoma and VD is still not entirely understood. There are no studies conducted on the association of VD and prostate carcinoma among the Asian population and our study is the first of its kind in literature and hence the need for the same. Methods: All men more than 50 years of age who presented to our hospital between July 2015 and July 2017 with lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS), and had a suspicious digital rectal examination (DRE) and hypoechoic areas on transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), were considered for the study. Those patients whose biopsies came as malignancy were taken as study subjects and patients with a negative biopsy were taken as controls. VD and serum prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) was done for all patients undergoing biopsy. Results: Eighty-six men underwent prostate biopsy for suspicious DRE with hypoechoic areas on TRUS. Out of the 86 men, 66 men had a positive histopathology, suggestive of adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland (group A), and the remaining 20 men (group B) had a negative biopsy. All patients diagnosed with malignancy had severe VD deficiency and was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: VD deficiency is a risk factor for development of prostate carcinoma and there is a strong correlation between them. Further trials are however required to study the effect of VD supplementation on the natural course of the disease. World J Nephrol Urol. 2017;6(3-4):21-24 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/wjnu317w
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".