Narratives of labour and childbirth in women with obstetric fistula in Kenya
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Obstetric fistula is caused by prolonged obstructed labour, and affects about 1% of women in Kenya. Although early treatment is recommended, women live with the condition for many years and endure physical, psychological and social suffering. Aims: To document the experiences of women with fistula illness. Methods: Using grounded theory methodology, narratives focusing on labour and childbirth were obtained from a purposive sample of 121 patients with obstetric fistula in 3 hospitals in Kenya. Narratives were analysed using a three-dimensional framework: Interaction, Continuity and Place. Findings: Six emergent themes predicting occurrence of fistula were identified. These were: people who assisted the labour process (interaction); time spent in labour; birth outcomes for baby (continuity); mode of delivery; referral of women in obstructed labour; and place of delivery. Conclusions: These findings have potential to inform the development of a midwifery early screening intervention for fistula care in Kenya.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".