Harmonic Impedance of Grounding Electrodes Buried in a Horizontally Stratified Multilayer Ground: A Full-Wave Approach
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of multilayer stratified ground on the harmonic impedance of grounding systems is evaluated. To this aim, the mixed-potential integral equation is used. The method is general as it allows taking into account 1) stratified soil structure with any number of layers and 2) grounding electrodes with arbitrary shapes. Moreover, the method has no limitation in terms of the maximum working frequency. The impressed-current model is used as the excitation and the harmonic impedance is directly obtained from the method of moments matrix. This is in contrast with the conventional methods where the harmonic impedance is calculated from the integration of the electric field at ground surface. The cases of horizontal and vertical electrodes buried in soils with different layers are analyzed. The accuracy of the proposed approach is validated by comparing the results with those obtained by independent numerical methods.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it