Saving Rig Time by the Use of New Generation Ultrasonic Transducers to Evaluate Cement in Outer Casing through Section Milled Window of the Inner Casing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract As the fields in the North Sea mature, many of wells undergo permanent well abandonment or permanent abandonment of a section of the well for consequent well sidetracking. Compliant procedures for well abandonment as per Norwegian Continental Shelf regulatory requirements necessitates the presence of double barriers to isolate permeable formations/sources of inflow. To achieve a compliant plug-and-abandonment case in situations where casing cement is part of the primary or secondary well barrier (forming part of an external well barrier envelope), casing cement must be verified by logging to ensure a good formation-to-cement-to-casing seal. However, if inner casing is expected to be cemented across the depth where the permanent cement plug (forming an internal well barrier element, WBE) is planned to be set, then the inner casing must be milled so that the outer casing can be logged to verify the barrier seal. Traditional casing milling operations are costly and time consuming, often lasting for several days. This paper describes an alternative way of verifying an external WBE when the inner casing presents an obstruction for outer casing cement evaluation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".