Nearctic Species of Metallus Forbes (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae): Biology and Distribution
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Biological and distributional data are reviewed for the Nearctic species of Metallus Forbes (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), and new data are presented for each. Larvae of all four mine leaves of rosaceous plants. The introduced Palearctic species M. lanceolatus (Thomson) feeds on Geum L. and is multivoltine. The three native species feed on Rubus L. and are univoltine or bivoltine. Metallus capitalis (Norton) is found on raspberries across southern Canada and the northern US and is bivoltine. Metallus rohweri MacGillivray occurs on blackberries and dewberries in eastern North America; it is univoltine in Massachusetts, but previous studies indicate that it is bivoltine in New York and farther south. Metallus ochreus Smith is now known from Virginia to New Hampshire and is strictly univoltine, with immature larvae overwintering in leaves of bristly dewberry (R. hispidus L.). Parasitoids reared from Metallus include species of Eulophidae, Braconidae, and Ichneumonidae.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".