Electrochemistry of Metalloproteins Attached through Functional Self‐Assembled Monolayers on Gold and Ferromagnetic Electrodes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report the experimental results of a study of the electron-transfer processes of redox-active metalloproteins bound to mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on magnetic (nickel or ultrathin gold-coated nickel) or nonmagnetic (gold) electrodes. Metalloproteins, such as hemoglobin (Hb), Cytochrome C (Cyt C), and Cyt C oxidase, are attached through electrostatic interactions to the free carboxylate or imidazole groups present in the mixed SAMs. The formation of both mixed SAMs and SAM/metalloprotein heterostructures were confirmed by using advanced surface analysis techniques, such as polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy and aqueous contact angle measurements. Electrochemical measurements indicated a stronger electronic coupling between Hb and Cyt C oxidase and the mixed-SAM-coated gold or gold-coated-nickel electrodes, whereas a weaker coupling was found between the protein and the pure nickel electrode. Surface coverage and the electron-transfer rate constant were estimated from the cyclic voltammetry data.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".