Flood hazard mapping using fractal dimension of drainage network in Hamadan City, Iran
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recently a large number of cities in the province of Hamadan in Iran have been affected by several storm-flood events, causing hundreds of people to be evacuated from their homes. One of the reasons that has markedly increased the flood hazard magnitude in the city of Hamadan relates to the suburban basins in the upper areas of the study area. In relation to the flood hazard and the significance of the suburban basins, the correlation between the geomorphological characteristics of the river system and the probability of flooding was primarily investigated. In order to assess the geomorphological characteristics of the river system and evaluate their relationship with flooding for five suburban basins, and in order to measure the accuracy of the fractal dimension in determining flood hazard and the significance of the characteristics, the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) method was also employed. The comparative results of the two employed methods demonstrated nearly the same outcome. Using the fractal dimension, suburban basins 2 and 3 showed the maximum and minimum fractal dimensions, respectively. In the SCS method, these two suburban basins exhibited, respectively, the maximum and minimum flood hazard values. In addition, suburban basins 4 and 5 revealed virtually the same fractal dimension.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".