Fish ladder installation across a historical barrier asymmetrically increased conspecific introgressive hybridization between wild winter and summer run steelhead salmon in the Siletz River, Oregon
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Managing intraspecific hybridization is crucial for maintaining a balance between inbreeding and outbreeding depression in winter and summer run steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss). While spatial distance is a common factor in maintaining reproductive isolation between these two ecotypes, physical barriers may also prevent hybridization, particularly in short river systems. To determine the effect of barriers and their removal on hybridization, we studied winter and summer steelhead populations in the Siletz River of northern coastal Oregon, which were historically separated by a physical barrier that was removed in the 1950s. We observed a large degree of admixture in the summer run population but little in the summer hatchery or wild winter populations, the former of which was established shortly after the removal of the barrier. This suggests that the high level of admixture in the wild summer run may be due to the removal of the barrier. We also found reduced genetic diversity in the wild summer run and in both hatchery populations. This highlights the need to balance inbreeding and outbreeding depression in hybridizing subpopulations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".