Pursuit of Famine: Investigating Famine in Bioarchaeological Literature
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Famine is a complex calamity that has affected communities across the world throughout human history. While many social sciences have recognized the sociopolitical dynamics of famine conditions, it is only recently that this theoretical approach has been utilized in bioarchaeological research. This article aims to provide an overview of how the term “famine” has been incorporated in light of recent developments in bioarchaeology. Articles published in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology, the International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, and the Journal of Archaeological Science between 1996 and 2016 were examined to determine how the term “famine” was defined. Four major categories were created to cover the range of applications for “famine”: an ecological disaster; an event of mass starvation; sustained periods of nutritional stress; and population-wide food shortage. In collaboration with historical documentation, the application of new methods in bioarchaeological research on past famines can expand our understanding of how past communities dealt with complex social and ecological crises. Specific focus on when the term “famine” is applicable with the analysis of osteological evidence will aid in cross-disciplinary examination of historical famine events.Keywords: nutrition; demography; paleopathologyEl hambre es una calamidad compleja que ha afectado a las comunidades de todo el mundo a lo largo de la historia humana. Mientras que muchas de las ciencias sociales han reconocido la dinámica sociopolítica de las condiciones de hambruna, es sólo recientemente que este enfoque teórico ha sido utilizado en la investigación bioarquelógica. Este artículo pretende ofrecer una visión general de cómo el término "hambre" ha sido incorporada a la luz de los recientes acontecimientos en la bioarqueología. Artículos publicados en las revistas American Journal of Physical Anthropology, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology y Journal of Archeological Science entre los años 1996 y 2016 fueron examinados para determinar cómo el término "hambre" fue definido. Cuatro grandes categorías fueron creadas para cubrir la gama de aplicaciones para "hambre": un desastre ecológico; un evento de hambre masiva; períodos prolongados de estrés nutricional y escasez de alimentos en toda la población. En colaboración con la documentación histórica, la aplicación de nuevos métodos la investigación bioarqueológica las hambrunas pasadas se puede ampliar nuestra comprensión de cómo las comunidades pasadas se enfrentaron a complejas crisis sociales y ecológicas. Enfoque específico en cuando el término “hambre” es aplicable con el análisis de la evidencia osteológica ayudará al examen interdisciplinario de los sucesos históricos de hambre.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.134 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".