Solid–liquid separation of an effluent produced by a fixed media biofilm reactor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract An experimental study dedicated to the characterization of the settleability of solids produced in immersed fixed media biofilm reactors has been carried out. The influence of operating temperature (0.1 to 16 °C) and surface organic loading rate (OLR) (0.4 to 10 g of soluble carbonaceous BOD5 per m2 of media per day) on settleable solids quantities, particle size distributions (PSD) as well as flocs morphology was evaluated. Results have shown that the OLR has no statistically significant influence on the settleability of the suspended solids. However, the operating temperature was identified as a factor that significantly influences the settling potential. The highest operating temperatures (14–16 °C) were related to the worst settling performances. On the other hand, the best settling performances were observed at intermediate operating temperatures (around 10 °C). The latter conditions were also associated with the largest fractions of large particles (>100 μm) in the effluent. Differences in PSD were found to be well correlated with settling performances. Part of the performance results variability which cannot be explained by differences in PSD can potentially be attributed to differences in flocs morphology (compactness).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".