Effect of Deposited Corrosion Product Layers on Electrochemical Behavior of Conventional 13% Cr Steel Exposed to Chloride Containing Environment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Due to the increase in the number of sour wells in today’s oil and gas industry, reservoir souring and related acidizing issues must be considered as an essential concern for material selection which significantly affect the application and performance of alloy steels. Objective: The influence of deposited corrosion product layers on the electrochemical behavior of 13% chromium stainless steel was investigated in an acidic solution to study the effect of a deposited elemental sulfur and FeS layer on the electrochemical behavior of 13% chromium steel with particular emphasis on the role of temperature, chloride concentration and morphological characterization of corrosion products. Method: Cyclic polarization and also linear polarization resistance techniques were applied to measure the corrosion parameters such as corrosion rate, Ecorr, Epit and Ipass of 13% chromium steels at various temperatures and chloride concentrations. All the electrochemical measurements were performed at 25 and 75°C with addition of 0, 10 and 20 g/L NaCl in 0.01 M hydrochloric acid solution. Surface measurement techniques such as SEM, EDS, and AFM were applied for morphological analysis of the corrosion products. Results: The results showed that both temperature and chloride concentration had significant effects on corrosion parameters; however, these effects on the corrosion rates in the presence of elemental sulfur were significantly higher than those in the presence of an iron sulfide layer or without any initial deposited layer on the sample surface. Conclusion: Environmental variables, such as temperature and chloride concentration have an important role in the corrosion resistance of 13% chromium steel which can indicate either protective or destructive effects on the corrosion behavior of steel. Keywords: Corrosion product layers, 13% chromium stainless steel, chloride-containing environment, elemental sulfur, electrochemical behavior, iron sulfide.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".