Numerical simulation of a semi‐industrial scale CFB riser using coarse‐grained DDPM‐EMMS modelling
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In this work, a coarse‐grained Dense Discrete Phase Model (DDPM) coupled with the Energy‐Minimization Multi‐Scale (EMMS) drag, was used to simulate the hydrodynamics of a 3D semi‐industrial scale Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) with Geldart A particles. The effect of particle numbers in a parcel, an important parameter in a coarse‐grained approach, was investigated. It was found that when parcel diameter falls into the size range of clusters, simulation results are insensitive to particle number in a parcel and generally agree with the experimental data. Further, a comparison between DDPM and Eulerian Two‐Fluid Modelling (TFM) approaches was investigated, both coupled with EMMS and conventional homogenous drag. The simulation results suggested that the effect of meso‐scale structures on drag force needs to be considered in both modelling approaches.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".