Trends in the Biodiversity and Invasive Species Dynamics: Local Implications on Forest, Grassland and Ruderal Vegetation in Bratislava City, Slovakia, Central Europe
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Biological invasions represent one of the most serious global environmental threats. One of their negative aspects is a biodiversity loss in the natural ecosystems. Our study reports the results of the evaluation of changes in the proportion of invasive alien species and the results of the evaluation of the changes of the diversity in various types of forest, grassland and ruderal vegetation of Bratislava city over the time. In total, 26 invasive alien taxa were recorded in the vegetation of Bratislava. The majority of invasive taxa were recorded in both time periods. Five invasive species (Echinocystis lobata, Fallopia japonica, Helianthus tuberosus, Juncus tenuis, and Solidago canadensis) were recorded only in the more recent period. Most of the invasive species prefer ruderal habitats, and some of them also invade the forest vegetation (mainly the floodplain forests). In the dry grasslands of the class Festuco-Brometea, no invasive species were recorded in both periods. The statistical analysis revealed the increase of the average percentual number of invasive alien species in the majority of classes of the forest and ruderal vegetation of Bratislava over the time. In the majority of classes, where the proportion of invasive species increased, the Shannon–Wiener index of diversity of all species decreased significantly over the time. Our results contribute to the knowledge about biological invasions in cities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".