Assessing the variable of patient positioning when examining the lower limb veins for reflux using spectral and colour Doppler ultrasound.
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: The object of this study was to determine the influence of patient position (erect and semi recumbent) on outcome diagnosis of venous reflux using spectral and colour Doppler ultrasound. Design of study: The study design is a quantitative comparative study on patients presenting to Vancouver General Hospital Ultrasound Department for assessment of lower limb venous reflux. Subjects and methods: A total of 71 patients were tested for valvular reflux using two techniques on one symptomatic limb. The first method was in a semi recumbent position and the second in an erect non-weight bearing position. Seven segments of the deep and superficial veins were examined using spectral and colour Doppler. Reflux was elicited using a valsalva manoeuvre and assessed by a grading technique of timed reverse flow. Results: Mean reflux time was less in the erect position by approximately one second for the common femoral vein, greater saphenous vein, superficial femoral vein (SFV) mid, SFV distal, and popliteal vein. Results were equivalent for the SFV proximal segment. The lesser saphenous vein showed no statistical significance for equivalence between reflux times for the two positions. Conclusions: We found that in order to accurately diagnose lower limb reflux using ultrasound and the valsalva technique, the patient does not have to be positioned erect with the exception of examining the lesser saphenous vein. By incorporating this method in scanning protocols the risk of patient and sonographer injury can be minimised.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it