Sieving of Hydrogen-Containing Gas Mixtures with Tetrahydrofuran Hydrate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Using the different diffusion rates of gas mixture components in hydrate crystals is a promising new method for the separation of gas mixtures. The diffusion behavior of hydrogen (H 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) hydrate was investigated experimentally by exposing a THF hydrate layer to H 2, H 2 + CH 4, or H 2 + CO 2 gas or gas mixtures and monitoring the penetration of the molecules into the hydrate by Raman spectra. The experimental results demonstrate that only H 2 molecules can penetrate the entire 5 mm thick hydrate layer, while the THF hydrate is resistant to CH 4 and CO 2 molecules on the experimental time scale employed. The minimum partial pressure for H 2 to diffuse through the THF layer is 2.9 MPa, and the diffusion coefficient of H 2 in the THF hydrate layer was determined to be 6.1 × 10 –12 m 2 /s via time-resolved Raman collection. This is the first observation of the sieving behavior of a massive hydrate layer toward different gas molecules. This work also suggests that Raman spectroscopy is an effective method for investigating molecular diffusion in hydrate or other media. Our findings are of significance for both hydrogen separation from gas mixtures and/or its storage in clathrate hydrates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".