Energy and Carbon-Emission Analysis of Integrated Green-Roof Photovoltaic Systems: Probabilistic Approach
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Roofs are important components of buildings and can be designed and/or retrofitted with photovoltaic (PV) and green-roof (GR) systems to produce energy and to improve stormwater management. Traditionally, GRs and PVs have been viewed as direct competitors vying for the same roof space. However, with correct design, synergy effects arise when combining both technologies (GR-PV). In this paper, a probabilistic analysis is performed to examine the potential energy and carbon emissions of GR, PV, and GR-PV systems. The analysis demonstrates that a GR-PV system is a low-risk investment generating lower energy and carbon-emission payback time in comparison with separate GR and PV systems. Furthermore, the average of net energy of this technology is 7.3 and 1.3 times higher than separate GR and PV systems, respectively. In addition, the installation of GR-PV systems throughout the City of Toronto could supply 16% of the electricity by PVs and reduce 12% of energy demand (i.e., heating and cooling) by GRs. However, extensive modification of the electrical grid would be needed for efficient collection and transmission of PV-generated power.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it