Eco‐friendly synthesis from industrial wastewater of Fe and Cu nanoparticles over NaX zeolite and activity in 4‐nitrophenol reduction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We deposited Fe and Cu over zeolite NaX (Fe/NaX and Cu/NaX) by adsorption from effluent industrial wastewater. We synthesized the zeolite NaX by the hydrothermal method. 5 g of NaX completely adsorbed 350 and 380 mg of Fe and Cu from the industrial wastewater, respectively, in 6 h. The distribution of Fe and Cu over the NaX was uniform and amounted at 14 and 18 mass%, respectively. Fe and Cu modify the morphology of the NaX zeolite: the particle size increased from 9 μm to 10 μm for the former and decreased to 3 μm for the latter. Fe/NaX and Cu/NaX are less crystalline than NaX. BET analysis showed that the specific surface area decreased by 30 % and 50 % compared to NaX for Fe/NaX and Cu/NaX, but the ratio between meso‐ and micropores increased by 7 and 13 times, respectively. Fe/NaX and Cu/NaX synthesized by adsorption from industrial wastewater reduced +99 % of 4‐p‐nitrophenol to 4‐aminophenol in less than 100 s, which is comparable to noble metal.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".