Structures and Transport Properties of CaCO<sub>3</sub> Melts under Earth’s Mantle Conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Carbonatitic and carbonated silicate melts generated from melting in the mantle are the chief agents for liberating carbon from the solid Earth and exert important controls on Earth’s deep carbon cycle. However, significant gaps in our knowledge about the carbonatitic melts under conditions pertinent to Earth’s deep interior remain due to experimental challenges. Here, we report on a first-principles molecular dynamics (FPMD) calculation of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) melts at pressures up to 52.5 GPa. Our FPMD calculations reproduce the ultralow viscosity measured by experiments and confirm the ideal liquid behavior of calcium carbonate melts at pressures below 11.2 GPa. However, calcium carbonate melts are characterized by a pronounced nonideal liquid behavior at pressures above 11.2 GPa, arising from (1) the temporal formation of small carbonate clusters and (2) increased interactions between Ca 2+ and CO 3 2– ions. It is found that the Stokes–Einstein equation relating the viscosity with the diffusion coefficients still holds at high pressure provided that a suitable effective particle size can be chosen.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".