MR imaging appearance of noncalcified and calcified DCIS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To evaluate the MR appearance of noncalcified ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), with comparison to calcified DCIS. A retrospective, IRB-approved review of all DCIS diagnosed via MR biopsy between 2007 and 2011 was performed. DCIS was categorized as noncalcified based on the absence of calcifications on mammography and specimen radiography. MR morphology (focus, mass, nonmass enhancement [NME]) and enhancement kinetics (initial and delayed) for noncalcified DCIS were recorded and compared based on nuclear grade (1-3), size (<1.5 cm, 1.5-5 cm, >5 cm), and presence of necrosis. Imaging features of noncalcified and calcified DCIS were also compared. 115 cases of MR biopsy-proven DCIS were identified: 65 (56%) noncalcified and 50 (44%) calcified. For noncalcified DCIS, NME morphology was more common than mass or focus (60% vs 30.8% and 9.2%). There was a significant association between morphology and enhancement kinetics, with NME more likely demonstrating medium and persistent kinetics, and foci or masses demonstrating rapid and plateau or washout kinetics (P < .05). There was also a significant association between morphology and nuclear grade, with NME more likely seen with grade 3 DCIS (P = .024), and between size and initial enhancement, with lesions <1.5 cm more likely to have rapid initial enhancement (P = .0036). No significant difference was identified between calcified and noncalcified DCIS in terms of morphology, enhancement characteristics, nuclear grade, or presence of necrosis. The MR appearance of noncalcified DCIS closely mirrors that of calcified DCIS. Recognizing these imaging features may allow for improved identification of this MRI-detected abnormality, even in the absence of calcifications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".