Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Phosphorus Sorption on Goethites: Effects of Biochar Application
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bioavailability of phosphorus (P) in soils is controlled by, inter alia, the presence of iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) oxides, which readily bind with P. Biochar has been suggested for minimizing P sorption to oxides and, therefore, improving P availability to plants. However, the kinetics and temperature dependence of biochar influence on P sorption are poorly understood. The objective of this study was, therefore, to determine the kinetics and thermodynamics of P sorption by goethite as affected by biochar application at 0 and 40 g kg−1 oxide. Batch equilibration tests were run at 15, 25, and 35 °C, and solution P concentrations were measured 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h after the start of incubation. Sorption of P by the oxides followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. Biochar application enhanced cumulative P sorption by both oxides, and the increase was greater for Al-goethite. Phosphorus sorption increased as temperature increased from 15 to 25 °C but declined at 35 °C. Phosphorus sorption on biochar-amended oxides was associated with low activation energy (Ea) values, indicating that the sorbed P in soils containing goethite and Al-goethite could still be plant available. This information will contribute towards a better understanding of processes affecting biochar effects on P fate in soils.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".