Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Phosphorus Sorption on Goethites: Effects of Biochar Application
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bioavailability of phosphorus (P) in soils is controlled by, inter alia, the presence of Fe and Al oxides, which readily bind with P. Biochar has been suggested for minimizing P sorption to oxides and, therefore, improving P availability to plants. However, the kinetics and temperature dependence of biochar influence on P sorption are poorly understood. The objective of this study was, therefore, to determine the kinetics and thermodynamics of P sorption by goethite as affected by biochar application at 0 and 40 g kg-1 oxide. Batch equilibration tests were run at 15, 25, and 35ºC, and solution P concentrations were measured 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h after the start of incubation. Sorption of P by the oxides followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. Biochar application enhanced cumulative P sorption by both oxides, and the increase was greater for Al-goethite. Phosphorus sorption increased as temperature increased from 15°C to 25°C but declined at 35°C. Phosphorus sorption on biochar-amended oxides was associated with low activation energy (Ea) values, indicating that sorbed P in soils containing goethite and Al-goethite could still be plant available. This information will contribute towards a better understanding of processes affecting biochar effects on P fate in soils.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".