Investigating vocal tract effects during note transitions on the saxophone
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The resonances of the vocal tract are used by single-reed woodwind players for tuning purposes, timbre modification, and other musical effects. Using pressure or impedance measurements, the influence of the vocal tract on saxophone playing has been previously studied for steady tones. This study considers note transitions in which the players might perform vocal tract modifications (e.g., wide intervals) and combines pressure and reed bending measurements to analyze the effect of the vocal tract as well as its dependence on the articulation technique. The measurement setup consists on recording the acoustic pressure in the players' mouth and in the mouthpiece of the instrument. A strain gauge attached to the reed surface captures both the reed oscillations and the tongue-reed interaction due to articulation. Complementary details about the playing technique are obtained by recording the upper teeth force on the mouthpiece and the open-closed configuration of two selected keys. Preliminary results show that saxophonists are able to drive the vibrations of the reed by modifying the vocal tract configuration, while adapting the blowing pressure and tongue-reed interaction to the articulation technique.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".