Ultrasound tomography of materials with high sound speed contrast
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Non-destructive evaluation of materials using ultrasounds is frequently used in industry as a way to characterize material properties and to locate defects. Imaging methods based on back propagation of echo signals are limited to reconstruction of low spatial frequency. Ultrasound diffraction tomography is a transmission-based imaging method which gives the possibility of characterizing anisotropic materials. Recent progress in ultrasound tomography using a circular array of transducers enabled velocity mapping of materials with high sound speed contrast relative to the background. In this study, an image of acoustic properties of a titanium rod submerged in water was obtained using bent ray time-of-flight tomography. The experiments were performed on a circular array ultrasonic test bench at 2 MHz frequency on 322 transduction points. A 2D finite element model of wave propagation through water and titanium was developed in order to validate experimental results. Finite element reconstruction matched experimental results within a 10% error for geometry and velocity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".