New era of “resection of the carina and lower trachea”
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It has been more than half a century since Abbott reported their experience on carinal resection and reconstruction (1). Tracheal surgery still remains challenging despite improvements in surgical and anesthetic techniques, resulting in thoracic surgeons exploring a new era of “resection of the carina and lower trachea” (2). Minimally invasive thoracic surgery has been widely extended for the resection of peripheral early stage lung cancer. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy and sublobar resection have become a common procedure. Complete resection and reconstruction of the carina or trachea with VATS and airway management remain challenging. Only few reports of VATS tracheal or carinal resection and reconstruction have been published (3-8). Li and colleagues examined the feasibility of VATS in the treatment of benign and malignant diseases involving the carina and trachea, and made comparisons with relevant techniques (3).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.009 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".