Biomarkers in the serum, synovial fluid and articular cartilage show promising utility in patients with femoroacetabular impingement: a systematic review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Importance Biomarkers have promising potential to provide a cost-effective tool to identify patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) who are most at risk and who may benefit most from early joint preservation surgery. Objective To assess the potential role of biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of FAI. Evidence review Three databases (PubMed, Ovid (MEDLINE) and Embase) were searched on 20 August 2017 from database inception, and two reviewers independently and in duplicate screened the resulting literature. Methodological quality of all included papers was assessed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies criteria. The results are presented in a narrative summary fashion using descriptive statistics including means, proportions and ranges. Findings Seven studies (one retrospective laboratory series and six controlled laboratory studies) were identified including a total of 227 patients. The mean age of the patients was 41.6 years (range: 13–80), with a mean follow-up period of 29.9 months (SD=3.2). Markers of articular cartilage breakdown, including cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and fibronectin–aggrecan complex (FAC), were identified in high concentrations in the serum and synovial fluid of patients with FAI, respectively. Moreover, mRNA expression of catabolic cytokines in the articular cartilage of patients with FAI has been reported. Conclusions and relevance Although not yet used in clinical settings, several biomarkers of articular cartilage damage have been identified in the serum, synovial fluid and articular cartilage of patients with FAI. These findings provide promising insight into the potential role of biomarkers in guiding clinical practice and assisting with patient selection and preoperative counselling in patients with FAI and should be evaluated further. Level of evidence IV, systematic review of level III and IV studies.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.027 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.009 | 0.008 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.009 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".