Effect of Fluidization Pressure on Electrostatic Charge Generation of Polyethylene Particles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electrostatic charge generation in gas–solid fluidized beds results in operational challenges in some industrial processes such as polyethylene production. Such reactors operate at elevated pressures, and thus, the aim of this work was to investigate fluidized bed electrification at pressurized conditions. The degrees of particles’ charging and wall coating in a pressurized pilot-scale gas–solid fluidized bed of polyethylene resin was studied from atmospheric pressure to 2600 kPa (abs), while the gas bubble dynamics was concurrently measured by an optical fiber probe. The average gas bubble size was found to be larger at atmospheric condition along with the frequency of large bubbles, resulting in a larger degree of particle-wall contacts. The degree of fluidized bed wall coating increased with the increase of pressure. This finding was related to the decline in the gas bubble size and the increase in frequency of small bubbles found at elevated pressures, which promoted particle–particle contacts, and thus promoted bipolar charging. Bipolar charging was detected with particles that fouled on the column wall with small particles being negatively charged.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".