A novel integrated suspension tilting system for narrow urban vehicles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Narrow vehicles are proposed to resolve urban transportation issues such as congestion, parking, fuel consumption and pollution. They are characterized by a high ratio of centre of gravity height over track width. Such vehicles are vulnerable to rollover and stability issues when negotiating curves at a normal operating speed. Therefore, the tilting capability is crucial to such vehicles. Existing solutions, which mechanically connect the wheel module on both sides and synchronize their movement, still have room for further improvement. The extra links for synchronization not only take up space on compact urban vehicles, but also introduce additional mass to the light-weighted body. The novel tilting mechanism introduced in this work utilizes hydraulics to replace mechanical connections to generate the tilting motion. An interconnected hydro-pneumatic suspension system is adopted to provide the desired bump and roll stiffness for narrow urban vehicle applications. Two independently controlled hydraulic pumps are connected to the hydraulic suspensions to provide the tilting, as well as riding height change capabilities. The integration of the tilting system with suspension reduces the system weight and packing size, both of which are vital to the success of narrow urban vehicles. All the functionalities are illustrated, modelled and examined in the simulation studies, which prove the feasibility of the proposed system on narrow urban vehicle applications resulting in more functionalities with lower complexity and weight.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".