Bibliographic record
Abstract
We review the concept of the Huygens' metasurface which comprises co-located electric and magnetic dipoles forming an array of Huygens' sources [1-3], These engineered surfaces can be designed to manipulate electromagnetic waves at will. Both passive and active Huygens' metasurfaces can be envisioned [1],[4]. Unlike traditional transmitarrays, Huygens' metasurfaces can be made sub-wavelength thin and are devoid of spurious Floquet modes [5], while preserving excellent matching characteristics. Huygens' metasurfaces can be used to manipulate the phase, magnitude and polarization of incident electromagnetic waves [6-7], including those from nearby elementary antennas [8], for a variety of applications. New developments in Huygens' bi-anisotropic metasurfaces will be reviewed that allow refraction and beam splitting at extreme angles without any reflections whatsoever [9-11], They also allow generalized reflectors with arbitrary angles of incidence and reflection and with 100% theoretical efficiency [12-13], Example metasurfaces with tailored parameters will be presented for wavefront refraction, focusing, polarization control including chirality, active cloaking, high-aperture efficiency/low-profile antennas, and cavity-backed aperture antennas with completely tailored far-field radiation patterns [14-15].
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".