Symposium review: Lipids as regulators of conceptus development: Implications for metabolic regulation of reproduction in dairy cattle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pregnancy losses are substantial in dairy cattle and threaten reproductive efficiency. A substantial proportion of these losses occur during early stages of conceptus development, including the elongation phase. Elongation of the preimplantation conceptus is a prerequisite for maternal recognition, implantation, and survival of pregnancy. The onset of elongation occurs when concentrations of lipids in endometrial epithelial cells are increased, and it requires substantial coordination of lipid metabolism by conceptus cells. The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) seems to have a central role in coordinating gene expression in trophectoderm cells at the onset of elongation, particularly of genes involved in lipid metabolism. Numerous fatty acids are natural ligands of PPARγ and their concentrations in the histotroph are likely important to PPARγ activity and its downstream effects on conceptus biology. Changes in concentration or composition of fatty acids in the histotroph could alter conceptus development. Inflammatory diseases and excessive loss of body reserves are prevalent problems in postpartum dairy cows and represent important risk factors for early pregnancy loss in the subsequent breeding period. Although cows affected by these conditions likely have reduced developmental capacity of oocytes, embryo transfer studies indicate that impaired uterine environment also contributes to their subfertility. Long-lasting effects of these conditions on energy and lipid homeostasis might alter composition of the histotroph and could help explain developmental failures occurring during conceptus formation attributable to impaired uterine environment. Targeting of uterine lipid metabolism and PPARγ activity during preimplantation conceptus development through prevention of disease and optimized feed intake postpartum and through nutraceutical diets at the time of breeding are potential strategies to improve pregnancy survival and consequently reproductive efficiency in dairy cows.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.017 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".