Automated Dynamic Negotiation over Environmental Issues
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Negotiation is a common means of resolving conflicts in social interactions. A popular approach for modeling social negotiation is automated negotiation. It is a distributed search in the space of potential agreements, facilitated by an agent-based model (ABM). Although automated negotiation is extensively applied in different fields of e-commerce, its application in environmental studies is still unexplored. This paper aims to lead the negotiation process over environmental issues in an efficient way where the possible agreement can be reached in few rounds of negotiation. To achieve this goal, an ABM is developed which has two significant characteristics. First, the proposer agent automatically learns the preferences of all stakeholder using the arguments and responses received from them in the rounds of negotiation. Second, the proposer accelerates the negotiation by automating the process of proposal-offering. To this end, first, the problem of proposal selection in one-to-one negotiation with each stakeholder is modeled using Markov Random Fields (MRF) and is solved using a belief propagation-based approach. Then, the proposer applies statistical analysis to identify the most optimal proposal and conducts a one-to-many negotiation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".