A joint combiner and bit allocation design for massive MIMO using genetic algorithm
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we derive a closed-form expression for the combiner of a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) receiver equipped with a minimum-mean-square-error (MMSE) estimator. We propose using variable-bit-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADC) across radio frequency (RF) paths. The combiner designed is a function of the quantization errors across each RF path. Using very low bit resolution ADCs (1–2bits) is a popular approach with massive MIMO receiver architectures to mitigate large power demands. We show that for certain channel conditions, adopting unequal bit resolution ADCs (e.g., between 1 and 4 bits) on different RF chains, along with the proposed combiner, improves the performance of the MIMO receiver in the Mean Squared Error (MSE) sense. The variable-bit-resolution ADCs is still within the power constraint of using equal bit resolution ADCs on all paths (e.g., 2-bits). We propose a genetic algorithm in conjunction with the derived combiner to arrive at an optimal ADC bit allocation framework with significant reduction in computational complexity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".