Superb Pseudocapacitance Based on Three-Dimensional Porous Nickel Oxide Modified with Iridium Oxide
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The need for environmentally compatible, less polluting, and more efficient energy systems has spurred extensive research into the development of batteries and other energy storage devices. Here, we report on a novel three-dimensional (3D) porous nickel modified with iridium oxide (IrO 2 ) toward the design of a high-performance pseudocapacitor. The 3D porous nickel is grown directly onto a Ni plate via a facile electrochemical deposition method assisted by the simultaneously formed hydrogen bubble template. The effects of the electrodeposition time and the current density are systemically investigated, revealing that 3.0 A cm –2 and 150 s are the optimal conditions for the growth of the 3D porous nickel with the highest active surface area, which is subsequently modified with different quantities of IrO 2 . The electrodeposited 3D porous Ni network structure serves as a suitable template to accommodate the cast iridium chloride precursor and to anchor the formed IrO 2 during the subsequent thermal treatment. The formed 3D porous NiIr(10%)Ox electrode exhibits high charge/discharge stability and a superb specific capacitance 1643 F g –1 at 1.92 A g –1, which is ∼175 times higher than the 3D porous NiO and over 95 times higher than the same amount of IrO 2 deposited on a smooth Ni substrate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".