Carbon dots based dual-emission silica nanoparticles as ratiometric fluorescent probe for chromium speciation analysis in water samples
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A simple and effective strategy for designing a ratiometric fluorescent nanosensor was described. A carbon dots (CDs) based dual-emission nanosensor for chromium speciation analysis was developed by coating CDs on the surface of dye-doped silica nanoparticles. The fluorescence of the resulting dual-emission silica nanoparticles was quenched in acetic acid through potassium bromate (KBrO3) oxidation. Cr(VI) was able to catalyze KBrO3 oxidation, resulting in ratiometric fluorescence accelerated quenching response of the dual-emission silica nanoparticles. Several important parameters affecting the nanosensor performance, including acid type, concentrations of KBrO3, and reaction temperature and time were examined. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limit of the nanosensor towards Cr(VI) reached 1.3 ng mL−1, and pretty good linearity was obtained between 20 to 500 ng mL−1. More importantly, the sensor was found suitable for speciation analysis of both Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in different water samples with satisfactory results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".