Finishing the job: The Montreal Protocol moves to phase down hydrofluorocarbons
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In October 2016, parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer unanimously agreed to amend the Protocol to allow for the phase‐down of the super greenhouse gases hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). The Kigali Amendment is expected to mitigate 70–100 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents by 2050, and prevent up to 0.5 degrees Celsius increase in the Earth's temperature by 2100. Prioritizing energy‐efficient technologies in the refrigeration and air conditioning sector could potentially double these mitigation gains. By phasing down HFCs, the Montreal Protocol will be able to restore the ozone layer without exacerbating global climate change.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.015 | 0.023 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.020 | 0.012 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.023 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".